Yarn



L. T. RIDER March 15, 1938.

YARN

Fiied May 2;, 193s Patented Mar. l5,O 1938 UNITED STATES YARN i @una '.r. meer, Philadelphiara. Application May 21, 196, Serial Non. 81,130 4 claim.V (ci. 11i-21') This invention relates to yarns and more par-A ticularly to a yarn which is especially` suitable for us as a weft or filling in'carpets.' and which overcomes ce`rtain undesired characteristics here- 5 -tofore present, particularly in those carpets known in the trade as American Orientals, and in broad loom carpets in general.

In the Weaving of carpet fabrics, numerous` 1 types of yarns have heretofore been used for' l0 ,the filling which forms part of the interlacing threads of the fabric but allthe flllingv yarns heretofore available have had objectionable limitations, whether considered from the viewpoint of the manipulationl of the yarn, the weaving operation, the finishing ofthefabric by washing and the like, or the wearing qualities of the iinished carpet fabric.

The 'iinishing of carpet fabrics and particularly those made` on power looms to resemble the yhand woven carpets from the Orient, usually ino cludes a chemical washing to produce the proper sheen and color variation on the surface.

In the first eEorts to make these carpet fabrics on power looms, cotton filling yarns wereused but these had their attendantdisadvantages. The cotton yarns were particularly objectionable because of their inherent and inescapable tendencies to shrink. Even if the cotton yarn is shrunk before weaving, it is stretched by the tension thereon during the Weaving operation in theloom. Subsequent washing as a part of the finishing operation results in asecond shrinking. The cotton yarns, however, whether shrunk beforeweaving or as a result of the washing operation, produce a fabric with a softer ground cloth but it is not possible by any practical method to forecast, regulate or control the size of the nished and `completed carpet.

Jute filling yarns were also used which were `4o similar to those previously used in other corresponding types of carpets. The ground fabric of ,which these yarns formed a constituent part was stili?,v unfiexible, and board-like with the result that the carpet would not drape in the manner of Orientalrugs. At the same time. the selvage formation was not entirely satisfactory.

For the foregoing reasons, the carpets known in the trade as American Orientals have not been entirely satisfactory either from the view- ..50` point of the manufacturer or of the user.

The principal object of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a filling yarn which will. have none of the undesirable'features which have heretofore been found troublesome, and the use of which enables the manufacturerfto produce on the desirable qualities just referred to and which will 'be relatively inexpensive.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a. yarn having the desirable characteristics referred to and which will react-properly to chemical-washing and cop soaking as now practiced. x

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a filling yarn for carpets which permits of more than the usual Weight being added to the fabric without destroying the hand; and in such-fabrics as velvet carpets, woven on broadv looms, to improve the hand thereof; which per- :mitsl of such weight and still preserves the draping qualities of the carpet; and which permits ofu making satisfactory'selvage edges.

It is ,a further object of the invention .to provide a, filling yarn for carpets which permitsof more than ordinary weight being added to the fabric without destroying thehand, permitsof such weight and still preserves the draplng qualities of the carpet, and permits of making satisfactory selvage edges.

Other objects. of the invention will appear from the specification and annexed claims.

The nature and characteristic features of the present invention will be more readily understood from the following description taken-in connection with the accompanying drawing forming part hereof, in which: y

Fig. 1 is an elevational view illustrative of a constituent portion of/the filling yarn of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an elevational viewillustrative `of another constituent portion of the filling yarn Iof thepresent invention;

' Fig. 3 is an elevational view illustrative 'of one form of the complete filling yarn; and

Fig. 44 is an elevational view illustrative of another form of the completed lling yarn.

It will, of course, be understood that the description and drawing herein contained yare illustrative merely, that they do not necessarily shown, in Fig. 1, by way of example and com prises a strand I0 of a bast fibre, for which jute has been found preferable. This strand is of rather coarse count and is made. by spinning the staple ibres of jute and thereby building up the strand with the fibres interlocked and twisted upon each other and with the individualfibres so laid in staggered formation that a continuous strand is provided, inaccordance with the well known operation of spinning. The jute strand I0, upon the completion of the spinning, has la derlnite direction of twist and preferablyvthe usual or normal number of turns of twist in accordance with the count of the strand. The number of turns per inch is such as to give a normal or regular twist, so that the strand is neither soft" nor hard, as these terms are `understood in the trade.

The other constituent stand is shown Jin Fig. 2 by way of example, at I5, and preferably consists of cotton, which may comprise cotton waste, derived either from reworked yarn, strips; or noils, and suitably blended to produce the desired color, or it may be new cotton nbre, or combinations of new and reworked fibre. The strand I5 is much nner in count than the strand I0, and is prepared by spinning the individual fibres in accordance with the well known operation of spinningso that the strand has a definite direction of twistwhich may be the same as or oppo-n site to that of the jute strand I0 and a number of turns of twist in accordance with the count of the strand.- The number of turns per inch is also preferably such as to give a normal or "regular twist, so that the strand is neither hard nor sof in the completed yarn. I

The nished' yarn is prepared by twisting or doubling together into a single yarn a strand of jute I0 and one or more cotton strands I5, the jute strand, ashereinbefo-revpointed out, being much larger than the cotton strand, Vand consequently having a considerably fewer number of turns per inch of twist. A

In the wrapping, twisting or doubling of the strands to form the completed yarn, the direction of twisting is, of course, dependent upon the direction and amount of the.; initial twist of each of the constituent strands, being opposite in direction tozthat of the initial twist of the jute yarn, irrespective of the direction of initial twist of the cotton strand or strands. Also if the initial twist of the separate strands is opposite in direction, the amou'nt of twist in the cotton strand will be substantially different from the amount of twist thereof if the initial twist of the separate Astrands is in the same direction.

In other words, if the initial twist of the cotton strand is the same in direction as that of the jute strand, the amount thereof will be in excess of the amount of twist desired in the cotton strand of the completed yarn, while on the other hand,

'if the direction of the initial twist of the cotton strand is opposite in direction to that of the jute strand, the amount thereof will be less than the amount of twist desired in the cotton strand of e completed yarn. In the twisting or doubling operation, the important factor is that the Aapparatus is set up and operated so that the initial twist of the jute strand is substantially or entirely taken out and that the amount o-f the initial twist, whatever the direction thereof Imay be, of the cotton strand is such that the twisting or doubling operation will result in the. cotton strand in the completed yarn being substantially regular or normal for the count of the cotton strand.

The fibres of the jute are thus laid substantially parallel to each other and the cotton strand or strands wrapped or twisted thereabout to bind and hold the constituent fibres ofl the jute together and 'at the same time afford the requisite flexibility.

A lling yarn in its completed form made in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 3 and is composed of a single strand of jute I 0a, whichhas'either a very slight twist or no twist at all, and a twisted cotton strand I5a which is wrapped or twisted around the jute 'strand I0a and partially embedded therein.

Another lling yarn /in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 4 and is composed of a single strand of jute Ib, similar to Fig. 3, with two cotton strands I5b therearound and partially embedded therein. The cotton strands, when a plurality are used, are preferl ably smaller in size than if a single strand is used, although the total Weight thereof may ybe equal tothat of a heavier single cotton strand. It has been found that when two cottonstrands are used the strands do not lie separated with respect to each other but pair up and lie together without riding over each other, thus giving an added covering effect with respect to the jute strand.4

The completed filling yarn thus produced does I 'the weaving and to shrinkage attendant upon the chemical washing operations.

. The lling yarn of the present invention may be made in desired sizes and is quite satisfactory in sizes from three hundred yards per pound to Athree thousand yards per pound, and-it will, of

course, be understood that the same may be found useful in weaving other types of fabrics as Welleas those specifically referred to.

1. The method of making a yarn which includes twisting together two spun strands, one of which is a strand of bast bre and the other of which is acotton strand and each of which has an initial direction and amount of twist, disposing the strand of bast bre as a central strand and disposing the cotton strand tlferearound'in spaced convolutions, and removing substantially all ofthe twis't of the central strand during the twisting.

l2. The method of making a yarn which includes twisting together two spun strands, one of which is a strand of bast bre and the other is a cotton strand and each of which has an initial direction and amount of twist, disposing the strand of bast fbreas a central strand and disposing the cotton strand therearound in spaced convolutions, and during the twisting removing substantiallyv all of the twist of the strand of bast bre while changing the twist of the cotton strand.

3. The method of making a yarn which includes twisting together two spun strands, one of which is a jute strand and the other of which is a cotton strand and each of which has an initial direction and amount of twist, disposing the jute strand as a central strand and disposing the cotton strand in spaced convolutions, and removing substantially all of the twist of the jute strand during the twisting.

4. 'Ihe method of making a yarn which includes twisting together at least two spun strands one of which is a. jute strand and the lother of which is a cotton strand smaller in size than the jute strand and each of which has an initial direction and amount of twist, disposing the jute strand as a central strand and disposing the cotton strand therearound in spaced convolutions, and during the twisting removing substantially al1 of the twist of the jute strand While changing the twist of the cotton strand.

LINNARD T. RIDER. 

